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Prisons à Cuba : le témoignage de Raul Rivero

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Se réveiller chaque matin dans une cellule de prison est une expérience qui affaiblit la volonté de vivre. Petit-déjeuner d’une tranche de pain sale et moisie avec de l’eau sucrée, en attendant quelques cuillerées de riz et d’herbes au déjeuner et le même menu au dîner, est un antidote à toute lueur d’espoir. Si vous devez attendre trois mois avant de voir votre famille pendant quelques heures dans une cellule, sur des bancs de pierre, sous l’oeil vigilant des gardiens, vous pouvez difficilement être impatient à l’idée de retrouver et de partager un moment avec ceux que vous aimez.

Telle a été ma vie pendant deux ans. Et telle est la vie, en ce merveilleux jour de printemps de l’année 2006, de Víctor Rolando Arroyo, journaliste à l’agence de presse indépendante Unión de Periodistas y Escritores de Cuba Independientes (UPECI), dans la prison du commandant Castro à Guantánamo, un entrepôt humain qui fonctionne depuis plus de 30 ans.

Les dizaines de journalistes qui souffrent de la faim, de la maladie et de mauvais traitements dans les prisons de l’île de Cuba sont les otages d’une bande de compères qui ont pris le pouvoir par la force et qui s’y maintiennent par la force depuis presque un demi-siècle, un pouvoir qui s’appuie sur la police et la propagande.

Mal soignés

Le jeune reporter Pablo Pacheco fait l’objet d’horribles traitements dans la prison de Canaleta, de même que ses collègues Pedro Argüelles et Adolfo Fernández Sainz et le jeune photojournaliste Omar Rodríguez Saludes. Ils ont tous été condamnés à 28 ans de prison en 2003 pour avoir photographié et filmé des aspects de la société cubaine que le régime dictatorial ne souhaite pas dévoiler.

Une autre victime est Normando Hernández, un journaliste qui a lancé un petit magazine à partir de chez lui, dans la ville de Camagüey. Il n’a réussi qu’à publier la première édition. Les tribunaux révolutionnaires ont immédiatement réclamé la prison à perpétuité pour Hernández, même si cette condamnation a par la suite été gracieusement commuée en 25 ans d’emprisonnement.

Hernández, comme beaucoup d’autres comme lui, souffre également d’affections mal soignées en raison du manque de médicaments et du surpeuplement des prisons. Dans des cellules à l’origine conçues pour accueillir 20 détenus, on trouve souvent 35 ou 40 prisonniers, obligés de dormir à même le sol et de partager les mêmes toilettes et la même quantité d’eau rationnée.

C’est exactement la façon dont vit à présent le poète et journaliste Ricardo González Alfonso dans le pénitencier de Combinado del Este à La Havane. Son état est aggravé par le fait qu’il a subi deux opérations dans les blocs opératoires douteux de la prison et que sa blessure initiale, qui date de novembre 2004, continue de suppurer et ne paraît jamais cicatriser.

De la même façon, Fabio Prieto Lorente, un jeune correspondant confiné dans une prison sur l’île de Pinos, à 120 kilomètres au sud de La Havane, voit sa jeunesse lui échapper peu à peu pour avoir couvert la réalité d’un pays où la brutalité s’exerce librement en raison de l’absence de représentation diplomatique et de journalistes pour dénoncer les abus.

Pendant ce temps, dans le centre de détention de Guanajay, à quelques kilomètres à peine de la capitale cubaine, des médecins militaires ont finalement fini par reconnaître que le journaliste souffrant José Ubaldo Izquierdo, emprisonné depuis mars 2003, ne parviendrait jamais à se rétablir dans des conditions de vie aussi difficiles. Izquierdo, qui est âgé de 40 ans et qui a travaillé comme éditorialiste pour une agence de presse cubaine indépendante, purge actuellement 16 ans de prison.

Nous savons qu’à Cuba, la Journée mondiale de la liberté de la presse ne peut être célébrée avec dignité que dans les cellules des 300 prisons disséminées à travers cette île des Caraïbes. Les prisonniers sont enfermés dans des cellules obscures où ils ont été jetés pour avoir voulu être libres dans un pays où la liberté n’est plus qu’un mot vide, dépourvu de sens dans la bouche des scribes, un mot qui envoie les hommes libres en prison s’ils osent le prononcer.

Mais ce n’est que là, dans ces cellules où l’espoir continue de subsister, qu’on peut légitimement et honnêtement porter un toast à cette journée — même si c’est dans une tasse sale en aluminium remplie de l’eau tiède et trouble qui provient des sources souterraines de Cuba.

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L’organisation internationale contre la torture lance une “intervention d’urgence” pour José Daniel Ferrer

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José Daniel Ferrer

MIAMI, États-Unis.- L’Observatoire pour la protection des défenseurs des droits humains (OPDDH), a lancé ce vendredi une campagne d'”Interventions urgentes” en faveur du prisonnier politique et de conscience cubain José Daniel Ferrer García, leader de l’Union patriotique de Cuba (UNPACU), selon une note de Radio Televisión Martí.

(suite…)

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Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?

New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio) Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries. They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the “packets” of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes

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New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio)

Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries.

They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the “packets” of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes. Some nights they would connect through routers and play strategy video games that made them feel powerful and free. Whoever wants to know them should know that they’ve had “emerging teachers” since elementary school and were taught grammar, math and ideology via television screens. However, they ended up being the least ideological of the Cubans who today inhabit this Island, the most cosmopolitan and with the greatest vision of the future.

On arriving at junior high school they played at throwing around around the obligatory snack of bread while their parents furtively passed their lunches through the school gate. They have a special physical ability, an adaptation that has allowed them to survive the environment; they don’t hear what doesn’t interest them, they close their ears to the harangues of morning assemblies and politicians. They seem lazier than other generations and in reality they are, but in their case this apathy acts like an evolutionary advantage. They’re better than us and will live in a country that has nothing to do with what we were promised.

A few months ago, these same young people, starred in the best known case of school fraud uncovered publicly. Some of those hoping to earn a place in higher education bought the answers to an admissions test. They were used to paying for approval, because they had to turn to private tutors to teach them what they should have learned in the classroom. Many of those who recently enrolled in the university had private teachers starting in elementary school. They are the children of a new emerging class that has used its resources so that their children can reach a desk at the right hand — or the left — of the alma mater.

These young people dressed in uniforms in their earlier grades, but they struggled to differentiate themselves through the length of a shirt, a fringe of bleached hair, or through pants sagging below their hips. They are the children of those who barely had a change of underwear in the nineties, so their parents tried to make sure they didn’t “go through the same thing,” and turned to the black market for their clothes and shoes. They mock the false austerity and, not wanting to look like militants, they love bright shiny colors and name brand outfits.

Yesterday, with the start of the school year, they received a lecture about the attempts of “imperialism to undermine the revolution through its youth.” It was like a faint drizzle running over an impervious surface. The government is right to be worried; these young people who have entered the university will never become good soldiers or fanatics. The clay from which they are made cannot be molded.

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Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?

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A Caricature of a Cuban Woman

Woman drinking (14ymedio) 14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband “helps” her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a “Federated man,” an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness

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Woman drinking (14ymedio)

Woman drinking (14ymedio)

14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband “helps” her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a “Federated man,” an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness. Instead of the urgent demands they should mention, all I hear is this appreciation directed to a power as manly as it is deaf.

It’s not about “helping” to wash a plate or watch the kids, nor tiny illusory gender quotas that hide so much discrimination like a slap. The problem is that economic and political power remains mainly in masculine hands. What percentage of car owners are women? How many acres of land are owned or leased by women. How many Cuban ambassadors on missions abroad wear skirts? Can anyone recite the number of men who request paternity leave to take care of their newborns? How many young men are stopped by the police each day to warn them they can’t walk with a tourist? Who mostly attends the parent meetings at the schools?

Please, don’t try to “put us to sleep” with figures in the style of, “65 percent of our cadres and 50 percent of our grassroots leaders are women.” The only thing this statistic means is that more responsibility falls on our shoulders, which means neither a high decision-making level nor greater rights. At least such a triumphalist phrase clarifies that there are “grassroots leaders,” because we know that decisions at the highest level are made by men who grew up under the precepts that we women are beautiful ornaments to have at hand… always and as long as we keep our mouths shut.

I feel sorry for the docile and timid feminist movement that exists in my country. Ashamed for those ladies with their ridiculous necklaces and abundant makeup who appear in the official media to tell us that “the Cuban woman has been the greatest ally of the Revolution.” Words spoken at the same moment when a company director is sexually harassing his secretary, when a beaten woman can’t get a restraining order against her abusive husband, when a policeman tells the victim of a sexual assault, “Well, with that skirt you’re wearing…” and the government recruits shock troops for an act of repudiation against the Ladies in White.

Women are the sector of the population that has the most reason to shout their displeasure. Because half a century after the founding of the caricature of an organization that is the Federation of Cuban Women, we are neither more free, nor more powerful, nor even more independent.

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A Caricature of a Cuban Woman

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