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RSF demande le maintien des sanctions contre Cuba

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Monsieur le Ministre,

Suite à la libération de quatorze dissidents en 2004 et à la récente décision des autorités cubaines de rétablir leurs relations avec les pays de l’Union européenne (UE), vous vous prononcerez, le 31 janvier prochain, avec vos homologues des vingt-quatre autres pays membres, sur une révision des mesures prises en juin 2003 à l’encontre de Cuba. A cette occasion, Reporters sans frontières souhaite attirer votre attention sur l’absence de progrès sensible en matière de respect de la liberté de la presse dans ce pays et vous prie de prendre position pour que la politique de soutien à la dissidence soit maintenue, voire approfondie.

Notre organisation s’est, bien entendu, félicitée de la libération de Raúl Rivero et de trois autres journalistes il y a quelques semaines. Cependant, vingt-deux de leurs collègues sont toujours emprisonnés, ce qui fait de Cuba la plus grande prison de journalistes au monde après la Chine (26 détenus).

Dès juillet 2003, les Etats membres de l’UE avaient dénoncé les “mauvaises conditions de détention” des prisonniers politiques et s’étaient inquiétés de leurs problèmes de santé. Près de deux ans après leur arrestation, ces conditions de détention n’ont pas changé et l’état de santé de plusieurs des journalistes emprisonnés est préoccupant. Détenu à Pinar del Río (Ouest), Normando Hernández González a récemment été transféré dans un hôpital après que des examens ont révélé qu’il souffre de tuberculose. Ses confrères restés libres sont interdits de publier dans leur pays et souffrent d’un harcèlement constant visant à les contraindre à l’exil.

Pour faire entendre leurs voix, les Etats membres de l’Union européenne ont décidé de réduire leur coopération avec les autorités cubaines, de limiter les visites gouvernementales de haut niveau effectuées dans le cadre bilatéral, de réduire l’importance de la participation des Etats membres aux cérémonies culturelles et d’inviter des dissidents cubains aux cérémonies organisées à l’occasion des fêtes nationales.

Alors que le Comité de l’Union européenne pour l’Amérique latine (COLAT) préconise la suspension de ces mesures, Reporters sans frontières appelle au contraire à leur maintien, voire à leur renforcement. En premier lieu parce que ces mesures, et en particulier les invitations aux cérémonies officielles, permettent aux dissidents de sortir de la confrontation Cuba/Etats-Unis dans laquelle tente de les enfermer le pouvoir du président Castro.

Ensuite, parce que jamais, dans le cadre du dialogue politique, La Havane n’a fait de concessions en matière de respect des droits de l’homme et du pluralisme politique.
Le gouvernement cubain ne donne aucun signe aujourd’hui qu’un rétablissement du dialogue permettrait des avancées significatives dans ces domaines. Jamais le dialogue n’avait d’ailleurs été aussi approfondi entre l’Union européenne et Cuba que lors des mois qui ont précédé le “printemps noir” de mars 2003. A l’époque, Cuba était sur le point de bénéficier des accords de Cotonou.

Par ailleurs, l’annonce par le gouvernement cubain de la normalisation des relations entre l’UE et Cuba ne constitue en rien une concession puisque leur rupture avait été décrétée à son initiative, en représailles des mesures prises par l’UE.

L’Union européenne ne peut plus se contenter de dénoncer les incarcérations de prisonniers politiques, elle doit maintenant renforcer son soutien aux démocrates qui, à Cuba, se battent pour que les libertés fondamentales et le multipartisme soient reconnus et respectés.
Comme pour les anciens pays du bloc soviétique, devenus aujourd’hui membres de l’UE, l’avenir du pays dépendra demain de la vigueur de la société civile. Sans fermer la porte aux autorités cubaines dès lors qu’elles donneraient de vrais signes d’ouverture au dialogue (tels que la fin du monopole d’Etat sur l’information), l’Union européenne doit développer des programmes de coopération destinés à la dissidence.

C’est pourquoi Reporters sans frontières espère que vous vous prononcerez pour le maintien des mesures adoptées après la vague d’arrestations de mars 2003 et recommanderez de soutenir plus activement les démocrates et la société civile aujourd’hui réprimée.

Convaincu que vous ne resterez pas insensible à notre appel, je vous prie d’agréer, Monsieur le Ministre, l’expression de ma haute considération.

Robert Ménard
Secrétaire général

droits de l'homme

L’organisation internationale contre la torture lance une “intervention d’urgence” pour José Daniel Ferrer

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José Daniel Ferrer

MIAMI, États-Unis.- L’Observatoire pour la protection des défenseurs des droits humains (OPDDH), a lancé ce vendredi une campagne d'”Interventions urgentes” en faveur du prisonnier politique et de conscience cubain José Daniel Ferrer García, leader de l’Union patriotique de Cuba (UNPACU), selon une note de Radio Televisión Martí.

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Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?

New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio) Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries. They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the “packets” of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes

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New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio)

Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries.

They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the “packets” of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes. Some nights they would connect through routers and play strategy video games that made them feel powerful and free. Whoever wants to know them should know that they’ve had “emerging teachers” since elementary school and were taught grammar, math and ideology via television screens. However, they ended up being the least ideological of the Cubans who today inhabit this Island, the most cosmopolitan and with the greatest vision of the future.

On arriving at junior high school they played at throwing around around the obligatory snack of bread while their parents furtively passed their lunches through the school gate. They have a special physical ability, an adaptation that has allowed them to survive the environment; they don’t hear what doesn’t interest them, they close their ears to the harangues of morning assemblies and politicians. They seem lazier than other generations and in reality they are, but in their case this apathy acts like an evolutionary advantage. They’re better than us and will live in a country that has nothing to do with what we were promised.

A few months ago, these same young people, starred in the best known case of school fraud uncovered publicly. Some of those hoping to earn a place in higher education bought the answers to an admissions test. They were used to paying for approval, because they had to turn to private tutors to teach them what they should have learned in the classroom. Many of those who recently enrolled in the university had private teachers starting in elementary school. They are the children of a new emerging class that has used its resources so that their children can reach a desk at the right hand — or the left — of the alma mater.

These young people dressed in uniforms in their earlier grades, but they struggled to differentiate themselves through the length of a shirt, a fringe of bleached hair, or through pants sagging below their hips. They are the children of those who barely had a change of underwear in the nineties, so their parents tried to make sure they didn’t “go through the same thing,” and turned to the black market for their clothes and shoes. They mock the false austerity and, not wanting to look like militants, they love bright shiny colors and name brand outfits.

Yesterday, with the start of the school year, they received a lecture about the attempts of “imperialism to undermine the revolution through its youth.” It was like a faint drizzle running over an impervious surface. The government is right to be worried; these young people who have entered the university will never become good soldiers or fanatics. The clay from which they are made cannot be molded.

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Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?

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A Caricature of a Cuban Woman

Woman drinking (14ymedio) 14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband “helps” her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a “Federated man,” an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness

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Woman drinking (14ymedio)

Woman drinking (14ymedio)

14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband “helps” her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a “Federated man,” an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness. Instead of the urgent demands they should mention, all I hear is this appreciation directed to a power as manly as it is deaf.

It’s not about “helping” to wash a plate or watch the kids, nor tiny illusory gender quotas that hide so much discrimination like a slap. The problem is that economic and political power remains mainly in masculine hands. What percentage of car owners are women? How many acres of land are owned or leased by women. How many Cuban ambassadors on missions abroad wear skirts? Can anyone recite the number of men who request paternity leave to take care of their newborns? How many young men are stopped by the police each day to warn them they can’t walk with a tourist? Who mostly attends the parent meetings at the schools?

Please, don’t try to “put us to sleep” with figures in the style of, “65 percent of our cadres and 50 percent of our grassroots leaders are women.” The only thing this statistic means is that more responsibility falls on our shoulders, which means neither a high decision-making level nor greater rights. At least such a triumphalist phrase clarifies that there are “grassroots leaders,” because we know that decisions at the highest level are made by men who grew up under the precepts that we women are beautiful ornaments to have at hand… always and as long as we keep our mouths shut.

I feel sorry for the docile and timid feminist movement that exists in my country. Ashamed for those ladies with their ridiculous necklaces and abundant makeup who appear in the official media to tell us that “the Cuban woman has been the greatest ally of the Revolution.” Words spoken at the same moment when a company director is sexually harassing his secretary, when a beaten woman can’t get a restraining order against her abusive husband, when a policeman tells the victim of a sexual assault, “Well, with that skirt you’re wearing…” and the government recruits shock troops for an act of repudiation against the Ladies in White.

Women are the sector of the population that has the most reason to shout their displeasure. Because half a century after the founding of the caricature of an organization that is the Federation of Cuban Women, we are neither more free, nor more powerful, nor even more independent.

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A Caricature of a Cuban Woman

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